Behavioral Genetics Essay - 2274 Words

Is behavior learned? It is inborn? What of aggression, intelligence, and madness? There is a crucial relationship between the behavior of humans toward their own kind and the view of life they hold. Interest in behavioral genetics depends on wanting to know why people differ. According to Jack R. Vale, in Genes, Environment, and Behavior, recognition of the importance of hereditary influence on behavior represents one of the most dramatic changes in the social and behavioral sciences during the past two decades. A shift began toward the more balanced contemporary view that recognizes genetic as well as environmental influences on behavior. Behavioral genetics lies in its theory and methods, which consider both genetic and†¦show more content†¦However, genetic hypotheses should also be considered. Research in behavioral genetics is directed toward understanding differences in behavior. Methods are employed that consider both genetics and environmental influences, rather than assuming that one or the other is solely important. Behavioral genetics research studies whether individual behavioral differences are influenced by hereditary differences. Then, estimates the relative influences of genetic and environmental factors. Although genetic and environmental influences interact within an individual, this does not imply that the separate effects of genes and environment cannot be untangled when we focus on differences among individuals Controversy arises when nature (inheritance) is combated against nurture (environment). This controversy began with the development of the behavioristic point of view. â€Å"Behaviorism arose as a protest against all form of â€Å"introspective psychology,† which was concerned with mental states such as consciousness and will†(Plomin 3). It led to an environmentalism that rejected the possibility of genetics influences on behavior. The burden of explaining individual differences fell completely to environmental factors. Genetics involve genes, which are chemical structures that control the production of proteins, thereby indirectly affectingShow MoreRelatedPsychiatric Genetics : Psychology And Behavioral Neuroscience Essay2208 Words   |  9 Pages Psychiatric Genetic Studies: Correlations, Ethics, and Counseling. Introduction Psychiatric genetics is a subtopic of behavioral genetics, evolutionary psychology and behavioral neuroscience. The research began with evolutionary psychology, the field of psychology that studies how much human thought and behavior is determined by genetics. Evolutionary psychology was then narrowed down to behavioral genetics, which focused directly on how much of behavior is determined by genetics or the environmentRead MoreBehavioral Genetics : How Does Genes Influence Brains Behavior1600 Words   |  7 PagesBehavioral Genetics: How does Genes Influence Ones Behavior Many believe that the environment such as the individuals people associate with, the extracurricular activities people are involved in, the music people listen to, including things shown on tv and video games all influence behavior. Though all of the things listed above are said to be true, and do indeed play a role in behavior. There are major things inside the body that trigger peoples behavioral responses. Those major things are calledRead More Behavioral Genetic Determinism: Do Genes Equal Behavior? Essay2523 Words   |  11 PagesBehavioral Genetic Determinism: Do Genes Equal Behavior? Human behavior is a loosely defined foundation for individuality, generally considered to be influenced and developed by the environment. However, recent molecular studies have exposed genetic factors that suggest a more biological origin for behavior. Gene segments in the genome of humans and other animals have been identified and associated with particular behavioral traits. Is it possible that the presence or absence of even a singleRead MoreThe Biological Contribution Of Human Conduct Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagescontribution to behavior A few scientists are endeavoring to find particular genes, or groups of genes, connected with behavioral characteristics and to comprehend the unpredictable relationship amongst genes and the environment. This is the examination in behavioral hereditary genes. As opposed to the research about the genetic premise of illnesses and disorders, specialists in behavioral hereditary genes examine parts of identities, for example, knowledge, sexu al introduction, weakness to animosity andRead MoreThe Discovery Of Genetics And Inheritance Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract After the discovery of genetics and inheritance it was thought that the genes which were inherited from our parents were what we were so to speak stuck with. The chromosomes from each parent with all the great things they possess as well as any conditions or diseases they have can be inherited as well. Recently, however, researchers have realized this information to be completely inaccurate. There seems to be another key factor that exists and enables the expression of every gene withinRead MoreGenetics Of Animals And Animals Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesGenetics of Domesticated Behavior in Foxes Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) Detects Genetic Structure and Confirms Behavioral QTL in Tame and Aggressive Foxes Being able to look into animal behavior and seeing what makes them aggressive or tame can change the way we look at domesticated animals. It also allows room for breeding animals for certain behavioral traits. Doing research in this area allows use to understand how pets came to be. Provided that, when looking at the domesticated behavior inRead MoreHomosexuality, Genetics or Preference? Essay800 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand the genetic argument that homosexuality is inborn, it is imperative to understand the basic concepts of behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics, as stated by Baker – a scientific journalist for the [National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality] otherwise known as NARTH, is the study of genetic influences on human behavior. Basically it is the study of genes, operating within the environment. There are basically three kinds of inquiries to demonstrate the genetic basis forRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Behavior Genetics970 Words   |  4 PagesBEHAVIOR GENETICS 2 It is possible to tell where one receives his physical traits from. One can look at a person, then at his parents, and see that he gets his brown hair from his father and blue eyes from his mother. There are other traits that people can receive from their parents that are not as easy to see. The idea that people can receive behavioral traits from one’s parents isRead MoreEssay about Homosexuality is a Choice Rather than Genetics749 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscovery of a link between a certain gene and homosexuality, but hasnt it been considered a choice for such a long time? Is homosexuality a choice rather than genetic? To answer this question well start off by revealing some myths of homosexuality. The next part will explain the difference between a behavioral trait and a genetic trait. Finally Ill end be unveiling the truth behind the homosexual gene. There are many things that the homosexual activists say are true, but those truths areRead MoreA Brief Note On Prader Willi Syndrome ( Pws )1358 Words   |  6 Pages Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) first was recognized in 1956 by three Swiss doctors, Andrea Prader, Alexis Labhart, and Heinrich Willi. PWS is a genetic disorder that is present at birth and causes many different cognitive, physical, and behavioral problems. This is a result of an abnormality of chromosome 15, which is one of the most complex regions of the human DNA system. This disorder affects about one out of every fifteen thousand births in both males and females. It doesn’t particularly reach

Essay on Innovation During the Middle Ages - 2066 Words

The Middle Ages, contrary to its name, was a dynamic period of innovations. Throughout this period, visual arts were employed to communicate important messages to the public as well as private wealthy patrons. A variety of mediums were used to disseminate ideas. Though, the sense of decorum shifted, the purpose of these moralizing images of religious figures remained the same. Art was, as it still is an extremely useful and powerful tool for both religious and political advancements. The two pieces to be considered in this paper were created using scenes from the life of Christ. Themes from the old and new testaments were frequently used in art of the Middle Ages to convey important messages to a largely illiterate populous, display the†¦show more content†¦Charlemagne became committed to reviving the Roman Empire, â€Å"a Carolingian Renaissance† , during which he commissioned many important art pieces and numerous manuscript pages . History shows that he sought to u nite the populous under Christianity , the Pope crowned him on Christmas day, establishing his divine right to rule. This manuscript can be dated to the ninth century because of its links to the Charlemagne empire, as well as its rendering of holy figures as separate from this world: a trend that would change with humanism in later centuries. The theme of this manuscript page is the Resurrection, an account of perseverance. Christ is a visitor from the heavenly realm; his wounds continue to bleed yet there is no suffering. Typical of representations of Christ at the time, his human traits were ignored . Christ, with one foot remaining in the grave effortlessly steps out of his open tomb. The mysterious nature of this moment is emphasized to show the power of Christ’s divinity. He holds the symbol of benediction towards himself, simultaneously blessing the Emperor who was directly tied to him. Two angels surround Christ, whose body dominates the page, forming a triangle. The viewer’s eye is drawn directly towards Christ. The page employs a hierarchical scale, typical of the period. Christ is significantly larger than the surrounding angles and unconscious guards in the lower plane. In his right hand Christ holds a heraldic flag, typical ofShow MoreRelatedHistorical And Philosophical Movement Of The Renaissance1596 Words   |  7 Pageswriters, and poets. Although it has no fixed beginning, most theories placed the beginning era in the early 14th century. The renaissance profoundly affected European Intellectual life through the introduction of different perspectives, ideas, innovations, literature, art, science, religion among many other aspects that continue to shape modern philosophy. By focusing, on ideas presented by Southern, Petrarch, and Burckhardt I will argue that the historical and philosophical movement of the renaissanceRead MoreThe Middle Ages And The Renaissance1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Middle Ages is thought to be a time period of obliviousness by many historians, where diminutive or no developments took place. The church was the focus of attention, and rather than a logical outlook of the world, beliefs were concentrated around fallacies; on the other hand, the resurgence of education and innovations that followed the Middle Ages and was branded as the Renaissance. There have been disagreements as to whether the Renaissance is actually a isolated time period, or instead, justRead MoreTechnology and The Crusades1361 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom Muslim control, then one may make the conclusion that the Crusades failed. Although the Christians did not win over the Holy Land, Europe as a whole benefited greatly from the revival of East to West trade, and new inventions and innovations that arose during the time of the Crusades. Before the Crusades, the average European’s idea of medicine was vague, or nonexistent. Europeans believed that there were four bodily fluids; black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood. An unbalanced bodilyRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of The Gilded Age1035 Words   |  5 Pagesof the nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century many economic changes occurred, from booms to busts, but all effected minorities less favorably. At the end of the nineteenth century began an era of industrialization that created an economic upturn called the gilded age. Hallmarks of this age were technological advances, banking innovations, and wealth concentrations. Railroad construction, advances in steel production, and electrical innovation drove industrial and economic growthRead MoreArt and Architecture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesThe difference between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is most visible through art and architecture, demonstrated specifically through an emphasis on religion or classical antiquity, and humanity. During the Middle Ages, art was more religious because it had a very religious influence from the church having such great power in the community. When the Renaissance started, art became more focused on ancient Greece. The Greek influence was because scholars were broadly studying the revival of classicalRead MoreThe Technology And Advancements Of Middle A ges886 Words   |  4 PagesThe technology and advancements of Middle Ages have often been misrepresented throughout the years. The excruciating amount of effort to create a book that skillfully describes the aforementioned innovations could overwhelm any author. However, renowned historians and authors, Frances and Joseph Gies, a dynamic couple, successfully collaborated on several books on the medieval history, including the book, Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel, which is the subject of discussion and review. Within theRead MoreTransforming the High Middle Ages Essay932 Words   |  4 Pagesculture reflected the economic, political, and social changes from the 11th through 14th centuries. The life and monarchy of the English nation during the High Middle Ages relied heavily on the influences of the Normans, the Christian church, and technology. The educational and technological innovations developed in England during the High Middle Ages brought quick improvements in agriculture, war, and knowledge. Education and scholasticism were encouraged and were increasing in importance. â€Å"ThomasRead MoreEssay On The Golden Age Of The Middle Ages1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe Medieval times were encompassed by years of both prosperity and conflict. During the first years of the Middle Ages, 8th century to 13th century, the Islamic Empire was at its peak, this time period was known as the Islamic Golden age. The Islamic empire didn’t have to worry about war or conflict, so it shifted its focus towards innovation, it flourished in various fields that included science, mathematics, astronomy, engineering, and medicine. This empire was home to one of the most influentialRead MoreThe Late Middle Ages : The Age Of Discovery And Innovation1224 Words   |  5 PagesThe Late Middle Ages were characterized by both periods of declin e and periods of transition into the Renaissance. Therefore, if only viewed through some aspects, the overall quality of the Late Middle Ages can be interpreted in vastly different ways. When all events are taken into account, it is evident that even though there were periods of extreme decline and cultural deficiency, numerous events helped transition Europe into an age of discovery and innovation. The Late Middle Ages are sometimesRead MoreThe Period Of The Renaissance Period887 Words   |  4 Pageslearning during this period. There was a tremendous revival of classical literature and art, but in the end it was the joining of this with the intellect of the Italian people that lead to the change of the Western World. This period was definitely more than just a rebirth though, it was also an age of new discoveries, both geographic and intellectual. Both of these resulted in changes of tremendous importance for Western civilization. In the economy, for example, there were many innovations that

Management Decision Making Software Solutions Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Management Decision Making for Software Solutions Ltd. Answer: Introduction: Software Solutions Ltd is engaged in selling software products to the accounting and small business entities. The company acquires software packages from the software developers and sells these to the accounting firms and small business entities. Mr. Brad Shelton works for Software Solutions Ltd as consultant and he has been given an authority to analyze and finalize a software package that is the most suitable for cost accounting purpose. In this connection, Jennifer Jolie, who works for Pitt Ltd, a software developer, comes to Mr. Brad Shelton to discuss features of her companys software package. She offers Mr. Brad Shelton a trip to Los Angeles where her companys engineers would help Mr. Brad understand the specialties of the software package offered by the company. Further, for this trip, she also offers Mr. Brad to accompany her wife and children. The entire cost of the trip involving official and non official expenses is to be borne by Pitt Ltd. The analysis of the facts of the case indicates that Mr. Brad Shelton should not take this trip on ethical grounds. This is a clear case of inducement being offered by Pitt Ltd to Mr. Brad Shelton. The company may ask Mr. Brad Shelton to finalize its software package disregardingthe others (BredesonGoree, 2012). The management of the company should be alert to the situations of conflicts of interest by maintaining a proper mechanism to identify the circumstances wherein an employee of the company may prefer his personal interests over the companys overall interest. In the situation outlined in the current case, it is clear that Mr. Brad in may prefer personal gains over the companys overall interest. He has been offered freebees by Pitt Ltd to finalize its software package. Pitt Ltd is offering him a family trip to Los Angeles, the cost of which is to be borne by Pitt Ltd. It is essential to take a view here that Mr. Brad Shelton may finalize the software developed by Pitt Ltd even if it fails on certain parameters. Further, Mr. Brad has alone been assigned the task of finalization of the software, which also gives rise to suspicions that he may earn personal gains at the cost of the company. Thus, overall it could be inferred that Mr. Brad is in a position to breach the ethical principles and hence, the management of Software Solutions Ltd should not allow him to go on the trip offered by Pitt Ltd (BredesonGoree, 2012). The code of conduct is a charter that guides conducts of the individuals working in the company. It provides a set of instructions to the employees to act in the situations when they encounter ethical issues (BredesonGoree, 2012). Framing a code of conduct is crucial for guiding and controlling the human behavior and creating ethical environment, which is necessary for the achievement of the organizational goals. Since, code of conduct is crucial for the achievement of the goals and vision, thus, every organization needs to have it. Software Solution Ltd is no exception and thus, it should also have suitable code of conduct in place. There are various advantages that accrue to the organization by having a code of conduct in place. The most important among them is the positive atmosphere (BredesonGoree, 2012). The code of conduct creates a positive atmosphere among the employees and directs their activities in the best of the organizational interest (BredesonGoree, 2012). Further, it helps to build equalities among the employees, which motivates them to work harder to the fulfillment of the objectives of the entity. Apart from this, maintaining a proper code of conduct is a legal requirement for the companies, thus, it is necessary that a company maintains a code of conduct for legal compliances. Above all, the reputation and goodwill of the company is strengthened to a great extent if the company maintains code of conduct and its working is ethical. Carrying out business ethically is a booster to the companys reputation and goodwill (BredesonGoree, 2012). Although, it is necessary as well as always beneficial to maintain a code of conduct but in some instances it may be frustrating for employees. For example, poorly drafted code of may restrain the employees from raising their voices against wrongdoers, particular, against those who are in the top management. Further, the compliances with the code of conduct may reduce the efficiency of the employees at the workplace (BredesonGoree, 2012). In respect of the companies operating under common control, it is essential for the investors to analyze the financial performance and position taking a consolidated view. For this purpose, the entity having majority interest in others which is called parent company is required to prepare the consolidated profit and loss account (Pwc, 2011). The consolidated profit and loss account is prepared by combining the results of the operations of the parent with its subsidiary companies. In the current case, Greencross Limited is the parent company and therefore it prepares consolidated profit and loss account and consolidated balance sheet for the financial year 2016. Te consolidated profit and loss account presented by parent company shows the financial performance for the group as a whole (Pwc, 2011). S.No. Item As at 30 June 2016 $000 Classification with reason i. Cash and cash equivalents 62,583 Asset: An asset is a resource controlled by an origination and cash is certainly a resource owned and controlled by the entity, thus, it is classified as asset. ii. Marketing cost 17,821 Expense: an item of cost is termed as an expense when its benefits have accrued to the entity. iii. Occupancy costs 10,880 Expense: an item of cost is termed as an expense when its benefits have accrued to the entity. iv. Cost of goods sold 324,949 Expense: cost of goods sold comprises the items the benefits of which have accrued to the entity, thus, it is charged to the profit and loss account in the period in which it is incurred. v. Provisions 10,118 (5,601+4,517) Liability: Liability is an item that results in future payout. Provision is made for possibility to pay in future, thus, it is classified as liability. vi. Inventories 92,002 Asset: Inventories are the items that are used in production process or sold in normal course of business. The entity earns economic benefits by selling the inventory, thus, these are classified as asset. vii. Property, plant and equipment 156,867 Asset: Property, plant and equipment forms part of non- current assets because these are used in business for longer time period. Item 2016 2015 % Change Summary (what this means for Greencross Ltd) Gross margin percentage 55.73% 54.42% 1.31% Gross profit margin has increased by 1.31%, which indicates that Greencross has secured savings in the cost of goods sold. Operating expenses 339,404.00 302,219.00 12.30% Operational expenses have risen by 12.30%, which indicates managements operational inefficiencies (Bohm, 2008). Revenue Growth 734,009.00 (Greencross, 2016) 645,016.00 13.80% Growth in revenues by 13.80% is indicativeof enhancement in the demand and customer base of the company (Bohm, 2008). NPAT 54,649.00 35,723.00 52.98% Substantial increase in NPAT indicates improvement in the profitability of the company. Finance cost 15,986.00 13,580.00 17.72% Increase in finance cost reflects addition in the borrowings. Non-current assets 726,404.00 682,509.00 6.43% The non-current assets have increased by 6.43%, which is quite substantial. The non-current assets largely represent property, plant and equipment and increase in property, plant and equipment represents expansion of the business (Bohm, 2008). Number of stores and veterinary clinics at the end of the year 440= (220 stores+120 clinics) 332= (200 stores+132 clinics) 108 Increase in no of stores and veterinary clinic is a clear indication of growth and expansion of the business of the company. Cash flow from operating activities 78,636.00 14,691.00 435.27% The operating activities are primary activities of the business. Thus, increase in cash from operations indicates operational efficiency as well as superior liquidity state. As per most of the financial reporting frameworks prevailing in the world, the companies are required to present comparative figures in the financial statements. Comparative figures mean the figures in relation to the items of the financial statements of the preceding years (Bohm, 2008). The primary purpose behind presenting the comparative figures is to inform the investors and other users of the financial statements about the trend. The information as regards trend is essential for the investors to take investment decisions. The analysis oftrend gives understanding of the directions to which the companys financial progress is headed, which is crucial for the investors to base their future investment decisions. In respect of Greencross Limited, it could be observed that the company has presented comparative figures for the financial year 2015 in the financial statements of the year 2016. From this information, the investors of Greencross Limited would be able to analyze and evaluate the value of their investments and take decision for future course of action (Bohm, 2008). References Bohm, A. (2008). Interpretation of key figures in financial analysis. GRIN Verlag. Bredeson, D. Goree, K. (2012).Ethics in the Workplace.Cengage Learning. Greencross.(2016). Annual report of Greencross Limited. Retrieved November 22, 2016, from https://www.greencrosslimited.com.au/Docs/2045-GXL0002-_Greencross-Annual-Report-2016.pdf Pwc. (2011).Illustrative IFRS Corporate Consolidated Financial Statements for 2011 Year Ends. AC Black.

Women In Mens Sports Essays - Gender Studies, Misogyny,

Women In Men's Sports Should women be allowed to play on male sports teams? Method of Development: What physical and mental differences do males and females have which might affect the game or moral? Tentative Thesis: As far as mental and physical attributes are concerned, men and women are not created equally. Neither is superior, however, the differences between a man and a woman could affect how they participate in competitive sports. I. Introductory Paragraph: Use examples of differences/stereotypes. Women's soccer taking off shirt after winning game/ vs. men's game. Women want to compete w/men to earn more respect and to be treated equally. Insert thesis. Finish with a few points of support from below for transition. II. Support Paragraphs: Mental and Physical differences A. Men have more endurance. 1. It is scientifically proven that women often tire before men in aerobic exercise. 2. So are the lengths of the quarters, periods, matches etc. shortened to women's games? B. Men are stronger and faster 1. Teams would be competitively uneven when Men outnumber women. 2. Women might complain of discrimination when chosen for the lesser positions. C. What will be done to avoid injury to women's chests? 1. List sports where special care will have to be taken if women join in. 2. Fouls to women's chests can be considered sexual harassment. 3. Men will have to avoid women or relearn the sport they have come to know. Transition Paragraph D. Men are taught to hit hard and break down the offense. 1. Women are taught to be nice and polite. 2. Men have years of experience over women in the hit em' till they fall department. 3. Transition sentence re: physical- mental aspects. E. Years of good manners have taught men that ladies are first and to never harm a lady. 1. All of the time spent teaching boys to be nice and respectful of girls is out the window. 2. Most men will just back off rather than get competitively physical with a woman. 3. If a new generation of boys grow up knocking down girls in pee-wee football will the violence end on the field? F. Sexual Tension will affect the game and the team. 1. Getting a co-ed bunch of great athletes together in a competitive situation is a prime place for sexual tension to fester. 2. There will be love triangles and flings that will affect the game. 3. Men will tend to act macho and show off more for females even when not in best interest of the team. G. Sexual harassment will be a major issue that will not allow boys to be boys. 1. What is to be done about the locker room(s)? 2. Coaches will have to completely change their language and attitudes to avoid accusations. 3. In physical sports there is often touching/hitting that would be considered sexual harassment when occurring male vs. female. 4. Boys can't be boys in the one last place they have always been able to act like themselves. III. Concluding Paragraph: Start with the fall of the man (sarcasm) as he looses his locker room spirit. Use some shock headlines of future sports with mixed gender teams. Conclude with serious points mentioned above about why it just won't work.